Javascript yakadzimwa mubrowser yako parizvino.Kana javascript yakadzimwa, mamwe mabasa ewebhusaiti ino haazoshande.
Nyoresa yako chaiyo ruzivo uye chaiyo mishonga yekufarira, uye isu tichafananidza ruzivo rwaunopa nezvinyorwa mune yedu yakakura dhatabhesi uye tokutumira iwe kopi yePDF kuburikidza neemail munguva yakakodzera.
Zhao Heng, 1,* Zhang Lidan, 2,* Liu Lifang, 1 Li Chunqing, 3 Song Weili, 3 Peng Yongyang, 1 Zhang Yunliang, 1 Li Dan 41 Endocrinology Laboratory, First Baoding Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071000;2 Baoding First Dhipatimendi reNuclear Medicine, Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000;3 Dhipatimendi Revarwere Vepanze reBaoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071000;4 Dhipatimendi reOphthalmology, Affiliated Hospital yeHebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000 *Vanyori ava vakabatsira zvakaenzana mubasa iri.Munyori anoenderana: Li Dan, Dhipatimendi reOphthalmology, Hebei University Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, 071000 Tel +86 189 31251885 Fax +86 031 25981539 Email [email yakachengetedzwa] Zhang Yunliang Endocrinology First Laboratory 0, Baoding Hospital First Hebei 0 People's Hospital Hebei 07 People's Hospital. Republic of China Tel +86 151620373737373737375axe Email yakachengetedzwa ] Chinangwa: Ichi chidzidzo chine chinangwa chekutsanangura mazinga eglycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), D-dimer (DD) uye fibrinogen (FIB) mumhando dzakasiyana dzechirwere cheshuga retinopathy (DR).Nzira: Huwandu hwevarwere makumi matanhatu nemumwe vane chirwere cheshuga, vakagamuchira kurapwa mubazi redu kubva munaNovember 2017 kusvika Chivabvu 2019, vakasarudzwa.Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yevasiri-mydriatic fundus kutora mifananidzo uye fundus angiography, varwere vakakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu, anoti asiri-DR (NDR) boka (n=23), asiri-proliferative DR (NPDR) boka (n=17) uye proliferative. DR ( PDR) boka (n=21).Inosanganisirawo boka rinodzora revanhu makumi maviri vakaedza kuti havana chirwere cheshuga.Yera uye enzanisa HbA1c, DD uye FIB mazinga zvichiteerana.Mhedzisiro: Avhareji kukosha kweHbA1c yaive 6.8% (5.2%, 7.7%), 7.4% (5.8%, 9.0%) uye 8.5% (6.3%), 9.7%) muNDR, NPDR nePDR mapoka, zvichiteerana. .Kukosha kwekutonga kwaiva 4.9% (4.1%, 5.8%).Izvi zvabuda zvinoratidza kuti pane misiyano yakakura yenhamba pakati pemapoka.Mumapoka eNDR, NPDR, uye PDR, avhareji kukosha kweDD aive 0.39 ± 0.21 mg/L, 1.06 ± 0.54 mg/L, uye 1.39 ± 0.59 mg/L, zvichiteerana.Mhedzisiro yeboka rekutonga yaive 0.36 ± 0.17 mg/L.Hukoshi hweboka reNPDR neboka rePDR hwakanga hwakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura hweboka reNDR neboka rekutonga, uye kukosha kweboka rePDR kwaive kwakanyanya kudarika kweboka reNPDR, zvichiratidza kuti mutsauko pakati pemapoka waive wakakosha. (P <0.001).Avhareji kukosha kweFIB muNDR, NPDR, uye PDR mapoka aive 3.07 ± 0.42 g/L, 4.38 ± 0.54 g/L, uye 4.46 ± 1.09 g/L, zvichiteerana.Mhedzisiro yeboka rekutonga yaive 2.97 ± 0.67 g/L.Musiyano pakati pemapoka waive wakakosha (P <0.05).Mhedziso: Mazinga eropa HbA1c, DD, uye FIB muboka rePDR akanga akakwirira zvikuru kupfuura ari muboka reNPDR.Keywords: glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1c, D-dimer, DD, fibrinogen, FIB, chirwere cheshuga retinopathy, DR, microangiopathy
Chirwere cheshuga mellitus (DM) chave chirwere chakawanda mumakore achangopfuura, uye zvinetso zvayo zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakawanda zvehurongwa, pakati peiyo microangiopathy ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera rufu muvarwere vane chirwere cheshuga.1 Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ndiyo mucherechedzo mukuru weglucose yeropa, iyo inonyanya kuratidza avhareji yeglucose yeropa yevarwere mumwedzi miviri kana mitatu yekutanga, uye yave iyo inozivikanwa pasi rose chiyero chegoridhe chenguva refu yekutarisa shuga yeropa. .Mune coagulation basa bvunzo, D-dimer (DD) inogona kunyatso ratidza yechipiri hyperfibrinolysis uye hypercoagulability mumuviri, sechiratidzo chakajeka che thrombosis.Fibrinogen (FIB) concentration inogona kuratidza prethrombotic state mumuviri.Ongororo dziripo dzakaratidza kuti kutarisisa basa rekubatanidza uye HbA1c yevarwere vane DM inoita basa mukutonga kufambira mberi kwezvirwere zvechirwere, 2,3 kunyanya microangiopathy.4 Diabetic retinopathy (DR) ndechimwe chezvinonyanya kunetsa microvascular uye chikonzero chikuru chekupofomara kweshuga.Zvakanakira marudzi matatu ari pamusoro ebvunzo ndeokuti ari nyore kushandisa uye anozivikanwa zvakanyanya mumakiriniki marongero.Ichi chidzidzo chinotarisa HbA1c, DD, uye FIB kukosha kwevarwere vane madhigirii akasiyana eDR, uye inoaenzanisa nemhedzisiro yevasiri-DR DM varwere nevasiri veDM vaongorori vemuviri, kuti vaongorore kukosha kweHbA1c, DD. uye FIB.Kuongororwa kweFIB kunoshandiswa kutarisa kuitika uye kukura kweDR.
Chidzidzo ichi chakasarudza varwere makumi matanhatu nemumwe vane chirwere cheshuga (maziso zana nemakumi maviri nevaviri) vakarapwa mudhipatimendi rekunze reBaoding First Central Hospital kubva muna Mbudzi 2017 kusvika Chivabvu 2019. Maitiro ekuisirwa evarwere ndeaya: Varwere veshuga vanoonekwa maererano ne “Nhungamiro Yekudzivirira uye Kurapa kweRudzi. 2 Diabetes in China (2017)”, uye zvidzidzo zvine hutano zvekuongorora chirwere cheshuga hazvibatanidzwe.Nzira dzekuregererwa ndedzinotevera: (1) varwere vane pamuviri;(2) varwere vane prediabetes;(3) varwere vari pasi pemakore gumi nemana;(4) kune zvakakosha zvinodhaka zvinokonzerwa nemishonga, zvakadai sekushandiswa kwemazuva ano kweglucocorticoids.Zvinoenderana neavo asiri-mydriatic fundus mafoto uye fluorescein fundus angiography zvabuda, vatori vechikamu vakakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu anotevera: Boka risiri reDR (NDR) raisanganisira varwere makumi maviri nevatatu (46 maziso), varume gumi nemumwe, vakadzi gumi nevaviri, uye makore makumi mana nematatu- 76 makore.Makore, avhareji yemakore 61.78±6.28 makore;vasiri-proliferative DR (NPDR) boka, 17 kesi (34 maziso), 10 varume uye 7 vakadzi, 47-70 makore, avhareji yemakore 60.89± 4.27 makore;proliferative DR (Paive ne21 kesi (42 maziso) muboka rePDR, kusanganisira 9 varume nevakadzi gumi nevaviri, vane makore 51-73 makore, ane avhareji yemakore 62.24± 7.91. Huwandu hwevanhu makumi maviri (40 maziso) mu boka rekutonga rakanga risina kunaka kune chirwere cheshuga, kusanganisira varume ve8 nevakadzi 12, vane makore 50-75, vane avhareji yemakore 64.54 ± 3.11. Varwere vose vakanga vasina zvirwere zvakaoma zvemacrovascular zvakadai se coronary heart disease uye cerebral infarction, uye kushungurudzika kwemazuva ano, kuvhiyiwa, kutapukirwa, mapundu akaipa kana zvimwewo zvirwere zveorganic hazvina kubatanidzwa. Vese vatori vechikamu vakapa mvumo yakanyorwa yakanyorwa kuti ibatanidzwe muchidzidzo.
Varwere veDR vanosangana nemaitiro ekuongorora akapihwa neOphthalmology Division yeOphthalmology Branch uye Chinese Medical Association.5 Takashandisa kwete-mydriatic fundus kamera (Canon CR-2, Tokyo, Japan) kunyora danda rekupedzisira re fundus yemurwere.Uye akatora 30 ° -45 ° fundus mufananidzo.Mumwe akanyatsodzidziswa ophthalmologist akapa rondedzero yakanyorwa yekuongorora yakavakirwa pamifananidzo.Panyaya yeDR, shandisa Heidelberg Retinal Angiography-2 (HRA-2) (Heidelberg Engineering Company, Germany) ye fundus angiography, uye shandisa nomwe-minda yekutanga kurapwa kwechirwere cheshuga retinopathy kudzidza (ETDRS) fluorescein angiography (FA) Kusimbisa NPDR kana PDR.Zvinoenderana nekuti vatori vechikamu vakaratidza retinal neovascularization, vatori vechikamu vakakamurwa kuva NPDR uye PDR mapoka.Vasiri-DR vane chirwere cheshuga vakanyorerwa seNDR boka;varwere vakaedzwa vasina chirwere cheshuga vaionekwa seboka rekutonga.
Mangwanani, 1.8 mL yeropa rekutsanya venous yakaunganidzwa uye yakaiswa mune anticoagulation chubhu.Mushure memaawa maviri, centrifuge kwemaminitsi makumi maviri kuona HbA1c level.
Mangwanani, 1.8 mL yeropa rekutsanya venous yakaunganidzwa, yakaiswa mu anticoagulation chubhu, uye centrifuged kwemaminetsi gumi.Iyo supernatant yakabva yashandiswa pakuona DD neFIB.
HbA1c kuongororwa kunoitwa uchishandisa Beckman AU5821 otomatiki biochemical analyzer uye ayo anotsigira reagents.Chirwere cheshuga chekucheka-kubvisa kukosha> 6.20%, kukosha kwakajairika i3.00% ~ 6.20%.
Maedzo eDD neFIB akaitwa pachishandiswa STA Compact Max® otomatiki coagulation analyzer (Stago, France) uye mareagents ayo anoitsigira.Iwo mareferensi akanaka ndeaya DD> 0.5 mg/L uye FIB> 4 g/L, nepo zvakajairika DD ≤ 0.5 mg/L uye FIB 2-4 g/L.
The SPSS Statistics (v.11.5) purogiramu yepurogiramu inoshandiswa kugadzirisa migumisiro;iyo data inoratidzwa sezvinoreva ± standard kutsauka (±s).Zvichienderana neyakajairwa bvunzo, iri pamusoro data inoenderana neyakajairwa kugovera.Imwe-nzira yekuongorora yekusiyana yakaitwa pamapoka mana eHbA1c, DD, uye FIB.Mukuwedzera, zviyero zvakakosha zveDD neFIB zvakaenzaniswa;P <0.05 inoratidza kuti mutsauko wakakosha.
Mazera ezvidzidzo muboka reNDR, boka reNPDR, boka rePDR, uye boka rekutonga raive 61.78 ± 6.28, 60.89 ± 4.27, 62.24 ± 7.91, uye 64.54 ± 3.11 makore, zvichiteerana.Zera raiwanzogoverwa mushure meyedzo yekugovera yakajairika.Imwe-nzira yekuongorora yakasiyana-siyana yakaratidza kuti mutsauko wakanga usina nhamba inokosha (P = 0.157) (Tafura 1).
Tafura 1 Kuenzanisa kwekutanga kwekliniki uye ophthalmological maitiro pakati peboka rekutonga uye NDR, NPDR uye PDR mapoka.
Avhareji HbA1c yeboka reNDR, boka reNPDR, boka rePDR uye boka rekutonga raiva 6.58±0.95%, 7.45±1.21%, 8.04±1.81% uye 4.53±0.41%, maererano.Iyo HbA1cs yemapoka mana aya anowanzo kugoverwa uye kuyedzwa nekugoverwa kwakajairika.Kushandisa nzira imwe chete yekuongorora kwekusiyana, mutsauko wakanga wakakosha (P <0.001) (Tafura 2).Kumwe kuenzanisa pakati pemapoka mana kwakaratidza kusiyana kukuru pakati pemapoka (P <0.05) (Tafura 3).
Avhareji kukosha kweDD muboka reNDR, boka reNPDR, boka rePDR, uye boka rekutonga raive 0.39±0.21mg/L, 1.06±0.54mg/L, 1.39±0.59mg/L uye 0.36±0.17mg/L, zvichiteerana.Ese maDD anowanzo kugoverwa uye kuyedzwa nekugoverwa kwakajairika.Kushandisa nzira imwe chete yekuongorora kwekusiyana, mutsauko wakanga wakakosha (P <0.001) (Tafura 2).Kuburikidza nekumwe kuenzaniswa kwemapoka mana, mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti kukosha kweboka reNPDR neboka rePDR zvakakwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura boka reNDR neboka rekutonga, uye kukosha kweboka rePDR kwakanyanya kudarika boka reNPDR. , zvichiratidza kuti musiyano pakati pemapoka unokosha (P <0.05).Zvisinei, musiyano pakati peboka reNDR neboka rekutonga rakanga risingaverengeki zvakakosha (P> 0.05) (Tafura 3).
Avhareji yeFIB yeboka reNDR, boka reNPDR, boka rePDR uye boka rekutonga raive 3.07±0.42 g/L, 4.38±0.54 g/L, 4.46±1.09 g/L uye 2.97±0.67 g/L, zvichiteerana.Iyo FIB yemapoka mana aya Inoratidza kugovera kwakajairika neyakajairwa bvunzo yekugovera.Kushandisa nzira imwe chete yekuongorora kwekusiyana, mutsauko wakanga wakakosha (P <0.001) (Tafura 2).Kumwe kuenzanisa pakati pemapoka mana kwakaratidza kuti tsika dzeboka reNPDR neboka rePDR dzaive dzakakwirira kudarika dzeboka reNDR neboka rekutonga, zvichiratidza kuti mutsauko pakati pemapoka wakakosha (P <0.05).Zvisinei, pakanga pasina musiyano wakakosha pakati peboka reNPDR neboka rePDR, uye NDR neboka rekutonga (P> 0.05) (Table 3).
Mumakore achangopfuura, chiitiko chechirwere cheshuga chakawedzera gore negore, uye chiitiko cheDR chakawedzerawo.DR parizvino ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera upofu.6 Kuchinja kwakanyanya muropa glucose (BG)/shuga kunogona kukonzera hypercoagulable mamiriro eropa, zvichitungamira kune akatevedzana evascular complication.7 Naizvozvo, kutarisa BG level uye coagulation mamiriro evarwere vane chirwere cheshuga nekuvandudzwa kweDR, vatsvakurudzi muChina nedzimwe nzvimbo vanofarira zvikuru.
Apo hemoglobin mumasero matsvuku eropa inosanganiswa neshuga yeropa, glycosylated hemoglobin inogadzirwa, iyo inowanzoratidza kutonga kweshuga yemurwere mumavhiki masere-12 ekutanga.Kugadzirwa kweHbA1c kunononoka, asi kana kwapera, haisi nyore kuputsika;saka, kuvapo kwayo kunobatsira shuga yeropa glucose monitoring.8 Yenguva refu hyperglycemia inogona kukonzera shanduko isingachinjiki yevascular, asi HbAlc ichiri chiratidzo chakanaka chemazinga eglucose muropa muvarwere vane chirwere cheshuga.9 HbAlc nhanho haingoratidzi huwandu hweshuga yeropa, asi zvakare ine hukama hwepedyo nehuwandu hweshuga yeropa.Izvo zvine hukama nekunetseka kwechirwere cheshuga senge microvascular chirwere uye macrovascular chirwere.10 Muchidzidzo ichi, HbAlc yevarwere vane marudzi akasiyana eDR yakaenzaniswa.Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti hunhu hweboka reNPDR neboka rePDR hwaive hwakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura dzeboka reNDR neboka rekutonga, uye kukosha kweboka rePDR kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura kweboka reNPDR.Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakaratidza kuti kana huwandu hweHbA1c hukaramba huchikwira, hunokanganisa kugona kwehemoglobin kusunga uye kutakura okisijeni, zvichikanganisa basa retinal.11 Kuwedzera kweHbA1c mazinga anobatanidzwa nekuwedzera kwengozi yezvinetso zveshuga, 12 uye kuderera kweHbA1c mazinga anogona kuderedza ngozi yeDR.13 An et al.14 akawana kuti huwandu hweHbA1c hwevarwere veDR hwakanga hwakanyanya kudarika hwevarwere veNDR.Mune varwere veDR, kunyanya varwere vePDR, mazinga eBG neHbA1c akawandisa, uye sezvo mazinga eBG neHbA1c anowedzera, chiyero chekuona kwevarwere kunowedzera.15 Tsvagiridzo iri pamusoro inoenderana nemhedzisiro yedu.Zvisinei, mazinga eHbA1c anokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakadai seanemia, hemoglobin life span, zera, pamuviri, rudzi, nezvimwewo, uye haigoni kuratidza kuchinja kwekukurumidza kweglucose yeropa munguva pfupi, uye ine "kunonoka kushanda".Naizvozvo, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti ukoshi hwaro hwenongedzero hune ganhuriro.16
The pathological features of DR are retinal neovascularization uye ropa-retinal barrier damage;zvisinei, nzira yekuti chirwere cheshuga chinokonzera sei kutanga kweDR yakaoma.Parizvino zvinotendwa kuti kukuvara kwekushanda kwemhasuru yakatsetseka uye endothelial masero uye abnormal fibrinolytic basa retinal capillaries ndizvo zviviri zvakakosha zvinokonzera pathological zvevarwere vane chirwere cheshuga retinopathy.17 Shanduko yekubatanidza basa inogona kunge iri chiratidzo chakakosha chekutonga retinopathy.Kufambira mberi kwechirwere cheshuga microangiopathy.Panguva imwecheteyo, DD chinhu chakanyanya kushatisa chigadzirwa che fibrinolytic enzyme kusvika kuyambuka-yakabatana fibrin, iyo inogona kukurumidza, nyore, uye inodhura-zvinobudirira kuona kuwanda kweDD muplasma.Zvichienderana neizvi nezvimwe zvakanaka, bvunzo dzeDD dzinowanzoitwa.Ichi chidzidzo chakawana kuti boka reNPDR neboka rePDR rakanga rakakwirira kudarika boka reNDR uye boka rekutonga nekuenzanisa muvhareji weDD value, uye boka rePDR rakanga rakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura boka reNPDR.Chimwe chidzidzo cheChinese chinoratidza kuti coagulation basa revarwere vane chirwere cheshuga harisi kuzochinja pakutanga;zvisinei, kana murwere ane microvascular chirwere, coagulation basa richachinja zvikuru.4 Sezvo dhigirii rekuderera kweDR rinowedzera, iyo DD level inokwira zvishoma nezvishoma uye inosvika pakakwirira muvarwere vePDR.18 Ichi chiwanikwa chinopindirana nemhedzisiro yechidzidzo chazvino.
Fibrinogen chiratidzo che hypercoagulable state uye yakaderera fibrinolytic chiitiko, uye yakawedzera nhanho ichakanganisa zvakanyanya coagulation yeropa uye hemorrheology.Icho chinhu chinotangira che thrombosis, uye FIB muropa revarwere vane chirwere cheshuga ndiyo nheyo inokosha yekuumbwa kwe hypercoagulable state mu plasma yeshuga.Kuenzanisa kweavhareji yeFIB kukosha muchidzidzo ichi kunoratidza kuti hunhu hweNPDR uye PDR mapoka akanyanya kukwirira kupfuura kukosha kweNDR nemapoka ekutonga.Chimwe chidzidzo chakawana kuti FIB level yevarwere veDR yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura yevarwere veNDR, zvichiratidza kuti kuwedzera kweFIB level kune chimwe chiitiko pane kuitika uye kukura kweDR uye inogona kukurumidza kufambira mberi kwayo;zvisinei, nzira chaidzo dzinobatanidzwa mukuita uku hadzisati dzakwana.clear.19,20
Migumisiro iri pamusoro inoenderana nechidzidzo ichi.Pamusoro pezvo, zvidzidzo zvine chekuita nazvo zvakaratidza kuti kusangana kwakabatana kweDD neFIB kunogona kutarisa uye kuona shanduko mune yemuviri hypercoagulable state uye hemorheology, izvo zvinobatsira pakukurumidza kuongororwa, kurapwa uye kufungidzira kwerudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga.Microangiopathy 21
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kune akati wandei zvisingakwanisi mukutsvaga kwazvino izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro.Sezvo ichi chiri chidzidzo chemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, nhamba yevarwere vanoda kuongororwa maziso uye kuongororwa ropa panguva yekudzidza ishoma.Pamusoro pezvo, vamwe varwere vanoda fundus fluorescein angiography vanofanirwa kudzora BP yavo uye vanofanirwa kuve nenhoroondo yekusawirirana navo vasati vaongororwa.Kuramba kuongorora zvakare kwakakonzera kurasikirwa kwevatori vechikamu.Nokudaro, saizi yemuenzaniso idiki.Tichaenderera mberi nekuwedzera saizi yekutarisa muzvidzidzo zvinotevera.Mukuwedzera, kuongororwa kwemaziso kunongoitwa semapoka emhando;hapana kumwe kuongorora kwehuwandu hunoitwa, senge optical coherence tomography zviyero zvemacular ukobvu kana bvunzo dzekuona.Pakupedzisira, chidzidzo ichi chinomiririra kutarisa kwepamusoro-soro uye haigoni kuratidza kuchinja kwechirwere chechirwere;zvidzidzo zvenguva yemberi zvinoda kumwe kucherechedzwa kwakasimba.
Muchidimbu, kune misiyano yakakura muropa HbA1c, DD, uye FIB mazinga muvarwere vane madhigirii akasiyana eDM.Mazinga eropa eNPDR uye PDR mapoka akanga akakwirira zvikuru kupfuura NDR uye mapoka euglycemic.Naizvozvo, mukuongororwa uye kurapwa kwevarwere vane chirwere cheshuga, kusangana kwakabatanidzwa kweHbA1c, DD, uye FIB kunogona kuwedzera mwero wekuonekwa kwekutanga kukuvadzwa kwemicrovascular muvarwere vane chirwere cheshuga, kufambisa kuongororwa kwenjodzi yemicrovascular complication, uye kubatsira kukurumidza kuongororwa kwechirwere cheshuga. ne retinopathy.
Ichi chidzidzo chakatenderwa neEthics Committee yeChipatara Chakabatana cheHebei University (nhamba yemvumo: 2019063) uye yakaitwa zvinoenderana neDeclaration yeHelsinki.Mvumo ine ruzivo yakanyorwa yakawanikwa kubva kune vese vatori vechikamu.
1. Aryan Z, Ghajar A, Faghihi-kashani S, etc. Baseline high-sensitivity C-reactive protein inogona kufanotaura macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 chirwere cheshuga: chidzidzo chevanhu.Ann Nutr metadata.2018;72(4):287–295.doi:10.1159/000488537
2. Dikshit S. Fibrinogen degradation zvigadzirwa uye periodontitis: deciphering the connection.J Clinical diagnostic research.2015;9(12): ZCl0-12.
3. Matuleviciene-Anangen V, Rosengren A, Svensson AM, etc. Glucose control uye ngozi yakawandisa yezviitiko zvakakura zvekoronary kune varwere vane chirwere cheshuga 1.mwoyo.2017;103(21):1687-1695.
4. Zhang Jie, Shuxia H. Kukosha kweglycosylated hemoglobin uye coagulation monitoring pakusarudza kufambira mberi kwechirwere cheshuga.J Ningxia Medical University 2016;38(11):1333–1335.
5. Ophthalmology Group yeChinese Medical Association.Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy muChina (2014) [J].Chinese Journal yeYankee.2014;50(11):851-865.
6. Ogurtsova K, Da RFJ, Huang Y, etc. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Kufungidzirwa kwepasi rose kwekupararira kwechirwere cheshuga muna 2015 uye 2040. Tsvakurudzo yechirwere cheshuga uye kliniki yekuita.2017;128:40-50.
.Eur J Med Res.2019;24(1):13.
8. Erem C, Hacihasanoglu A, Celik S, nezvimwewo kusimba.Re-kusunungurwa uye fibrinolytic parameters murudzi rwechipiri vane chirwere cheshuga vane uye vasina chirwere cheshuga vascular complications.Muchinda wemishonga tsika.2005;14(1):22-30.
9. Catalani E, Cervia D. Diabetic retinopathy: retinal ganglion cell homeostasis.Nerve regeneration resources.2020;15(7): 1253–1254.
10. Wang SY, Andrews CA, Herman WH, etc. Chiitiko uye njodzi dzechirwere cheshuga retinopathy muvechiri kuyaruka vane rudzi rwekutanga kana 2 chirwere cheshuga muUnited States.ophthalmology.2017;124(4):424–430.
11. Jorgensen CM, Hardarson SH, Bek T. Kuzadza kweokisijeni yeropa retinal muvarwere vane chirwere cheshuga kunoenderana nekuoma uye rudzi rwekuona-kutyisa retinopathy.Ophthalmology News.2014;92(1):34-39.
.BMJ.2019;366:l4894.
13. Calderon GD, Juarez OH, Hernandez GE, etc. Oxidative stress uye chirwere cheshuga retinopathy: kukura uye kurapwa.ziso.2017;10(47): 963–967.
14. Jingsi A, Lu L, An G, nevamwe.Ngozi zvinhu zvechirwere cheshuga retinopathy nerutsoka rweshuga.Chinese Journal yeGerontology.2019;8(39):3916–3920.
15. Wang Y, Cui Li, Rwiyo Y. Glucose yeropa uye glycosylated hemoglobin mazinga muvarwere vane chirwere cheshuga retinopathy uye kuwirirana kwavo nehuwandu hwekuona kukanganisa.J PLA Med.2019;31(12):73-76.
16. Yazdanpanah S, Rabiee M, Tahriri M, etc. Kuongororwa kweGlycated Albumin (GA) uye GA / HbA1c Ratio yeChirwere Chirwere Chirwere uye Ropa Glucose Control: Kuongorora Kwakazara.Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci.2017;54(4):219-232.
17. Sorrentino FS, Matteini S, Bonifazzi C, Sebastiani A, Parmeggiani F. Diabetic retinopathy uye endothelin system: microangiopathy uye endothelial dysfunction.Ziso (London).2018;32(7):1157–1163.
18. Yang A, Zheng H, Liu H. Kuchinja kwemazinga eplasma ePAI-1 uye D-dimer kune varwere vane chirwere cheshuga retinopathy uye kukosha kwavo.Shandong Yi Yao.2011;51(38):89-90.
19. Fu G, Xu B, Hou J, Zhang M. Kuongororwa kwekushanda kwekubatanidza kune varwere vane chirwere cheshuga chechipiri uye retinopathy.Murabhoritari mushonga kiriniki.2015;7: 885-887.
20. Tomic M, Ljubic S, Kastelan S, etc. Kuvhiringidza, kukanganiswa kwehemostatic uye kuneta: inogona kunge yakabatana nehutachiona hwemhando ye2 diabetesic retinopathy.Murevereri kuzvimba.2013;2013: 818671.
21. Hua L, Sijiang L, Feng Z, Shuxin Y. Kushandiswa kwekubatana kwekutsvaga glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, D-dimer uye fibrinogen mukuongororwa kwe microangiopathy kune varwere vane chirwere cheshuga chechipiri.Int J Lab Med.2013;34(11):1382–1383.
Iri basa rinoburitswa uye rakapihwa rezinesi neDove Medical Press Limited.Matemu akazara erezinesi iri anowanikwa pa https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php uye anosanganisira Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial (unported, v3.0) rezinesi.Nekuwana basa, iwe unobvuma zvirevo.Kushandiswa kwebasa nekuda kwezvinangwa zvisiri zvekutengesa kunobvumidzwa pasina imwe mvumo kubva kuDove Medical Press Limited, kunze kwekunge basa rinenge rakakodzera.Kuti uwane mvumo yekushandisa basa iri nekuda kwezvinangwa zvekutengesa, ndapota tarisa kune ndima 4.2 uye 5 yematemu edu.
Contact Us• Privacy Policy• Masangano neVashandi• Testimonials• Terms and Conditions• Recommend this site• Pamusoro
© Copyright 2021 • Dove Press Ltd • Kugadzirwa kweSoftware ye maffey.com
Maonero anoburitswa muzvinyorwa zvese zvakaburitswa pano ndeaya evanyori chaivo uye haafanire kuratidza maonero eDove Medical Press Ltd kana chero wevashandi vayo.
Dove Medical Press chikamu cheTaylor & Francis Group, bazi rezvedzidzo rekutsikisa reInforma PLC.Copyright 2017 Informa PLC.kodzero dzose dzakachengetedzwa.Iyi webhusaiti ndeyayo uye inoshandiswa neInforma PLC (“Informa”), uye kero yayo yehofisi yakanyoreswa ndeye 5 Howick Nzvimbo, London SW1P 1WG.Yakanyoreswa muEngland neWales.Nhamba 3099067. UK VAT boka: GB 365 4626 36
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-21-2021